Earth’s natural resources are finite, and increasing consumption raises concerns about depletion. Minerals, fossil fuels, clean water, and arable land face pressures from population growth and industrialization. Sustainable management, recycling, and renewable energy adoption are critical to conserving resources. Innovation in materials science and circular economy models offer hope for reducing waste and improving efficiency. Global cooperation and responsible policies are essential to ensure resources remain available for future generations. The challenge is balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship.