Online education has surged globally, especially during the pandemic, offering flexible learning opportunities. However, challenges such as digital divides, lack of social interaction, and varying quality of content affect effectiveness. Students may struggle with motivation and self-discipline without in-person support. Educators face obstacles adapting curricula and assessments for virtual environments. Despite these issues, technology-enhanced learning continues to evolve, incorporating interactive tools, gamification, and personalized feedback. Addressing equity and engagement will be key to ensuring online education fulfills its potential as an inclusive and effective alternative to traditional schooling.