Modern" is an adjective commonly used to describe something that belongs to the present or recent times, especially in contrast to the past. It can refer to technology, culture, design, thinking, or lifestyle that reflects current ideas, practices, or innovations. For example, modern architecture often features clean lines, minimalism, and new materials. In everyday use, calling something "modern" can suggest that it is up-to-date, progressive, or in touch with contemporary trends. The word can also be used to contrast traditional or outdated ways. In academic contexts, "modern" may refer to the period following the Middle Ages, particularly the Modern Era.